Coal and Coke Making Process an overview
Introduction:
Coal is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of plants that lived millions of years ago. It is a complex mixture of organic compounds, including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Coal is used to generate electricity, heat homes and businesses, and produce coke, a fuel used in blast furnaces to make steel. The process of making coke from coal involves heating the coal in a coke oven in the absence of air. This process drives off the volatile matter in the coal, leaving behind a solid, porous material called coke. Coke is a valuable fuel because it burns hotter and cleaner than coal.
Proximate and Ultimate Analysis Proximate and ultimate analysis are two methods used to characterize coal and coke. Proximate analysis measures the following properties of coal and coke:
Moisture content: The amount of water in the coal or coke.
Ash content: The amount of non-combustible material in the coal or coke. Volatile matter: The amount of material in the coal or coke that is driven off when it is heated in the absence of air.
Fixed carbon: The amount of material in the coal or coke that remains after the volatile matter has been driven off.
Ultimate analysis: measures the following properties of coal and coke:
Carbon content: The amount of carbon in the coal or coke.
Hydrogen content: The amount of hydrogen in the coal or coke.
Nitrogen content: The amount of nitrogen in the coal or coke.
Sulfur content: The amount of sulfur in the coal or coke.
Oxygen content: The amount of oxygen in the coal or coke. The results of proximate and ultimate analysis can be used to determine the quality of coal and coke. For example, coal with a high ash content will be less efficient to burn than coal with a low ash content. Coal with a high sulfur content will produce more sulfur dioxide emissions when it is burned, which can contribute to air pollution.
Applications of Coal and Coke: Coal and coke are used in a variety of applications, including:
Electricity generation: Coal is the most common fuel used to generate electricity.
Heating: Coal and coke are used to heat homes and businesses.
Steelmaking: Coke is used as a fuel in blast furnaces to make steel.
Other applications: Coal and coke are also used in a variety of other applications, including the production of cement, lime, and fertilizer.
Environmental Impact of Coal and Coke: The use of coal and coke has a significant environmental impact. Coal and coke are major sources of air pollution, including particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. Coal and coke are also major sources of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. The environmental impact of coal and coke can be reduced by using cleaner technologies and fuels.
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